5/10/2023 0 Comments Hansons weather calculatorMechanistic response curves and multidimensional surfaces are needed for models to project beyond conclusions that can be extracted from current and historical observations. Because this ecosystem is located at the southern extent of the spatially expansive boreal peatland forests, it is considered especially vulnerable to climate change and may have important C cycle feedbacks to the atmosphere with global climate implications.Įxperimental manipulations are critical to projections of ecosystem structural and functional responses to climatic and atmospheric change (Hanson & Walker, 2020 Mooney et al., 2013 Osmond et al., 2004). The experiment was designed to provide a one-of-a-kind platform for testing and discovering the mechanisms that control the vulnerability of organisms and ecosystems to important climate change variables (e.g., thresholds for species decline or mortality, limitations to regeneration, biogeochemical regulations of productivity, and the cycling and release of CO 2 and CH 4 to the atmosphere). The Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment (Hanson, Riggs, et al., 2017) is a large-scale climate change manipulation that focuses on the combined response of multiple levels of warming at both ambient and elevated CO 2 concentration (eCO 2). ![]() Key questions were as follows: How will C loss and C gain balance under various future climates? Will peatlands remain a C sink or become a source of enhanced global greenhouse gas emissions? An overarching goal was to improve our understanding of ecosystem-level responses to continuous warming (air warming and deep-soil warming) not previously possible in a manipulative setting. This study used in situ enclosures designed to be large enough to encompass the diversity of vegetation (from deep deposits of peat to short-statured mosses to tall trees) found in temperate raised-dome bogs. Concomitant with future warming are increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration, which has the potential to bring C from the atmosphere into ecosystems via enhanced photosynthesis (Ainsworth & Long, 2005). ![]() Thus, peatlands represent a key ecosystem for evaluation of warming responses and the underlying mechanisms controlling such responses. These concerns are important given that losses of C from warming may be proportionate to the size of extant C stocks that are especially large in high-latitude systems (Crowther et al., 2016). Likewise, concerns about the stability of this pool of C in the face of a warming climate have also been repeatedly published (Bridgham et al., 2006 Charman et al., 2013 Dise, 2009 Gorham, 1991 Roulet & Moore, 2006). The timeliness of care, how fast you can get to see a healthcare provider, is another important measure.The disproportionate contribution of extant peatlands to the long-term storage of terrestrial carbon (C) is well documented (Yu, 2012), and recent analyses suggest that the size of the global storage pool may be double previous estimates, now projected to be over 1,000 Gt of C (Nichols & Peteet, 2019). Access is measured by identifying barriers that might prevent the delivery of care such as the inability to obtain insurance coverage, having to travel long distances to health care centers and lack of sufficient facilities and/or healthcare professionals. Access to healthcare is how easy or difficult it may be to receive the care. If rates or out-of-pocket expenses are high, your cost of living will increase. Affordability is generally measured by the rates set for insurance coverage in a state, as well as the out-of-pocket expenses that need to be paid by you when receiving the care. The ability to afford healthcare as well as the ability to access care are key indicators of how much you will be paying for this important resource if you move to another state. Healthcare costs make up a significant part of the cost of living. Massachusetts is ranked number 2 out of all states in overall healthcare access and affordability.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |